Data Sources

Indicator: Office Jobs
Sources: Office employees: David Birch, Anne Haggerty, and William Parsons, Corporate Demographics: America’s Office Economy: 1997-2007, (Cambridge, MA: Cognetics, 1997), p. 26. Overall 1997 employment: Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Indicator: Managerial, Professional, Technical Jobs
Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics specific occupational employment data and overall employment data, 1997 (http://www.bls.gov.oes).

Indicator: Workforce Education
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1997 (117th edition.) (Washington, DC: 1997), p. 161. Data based on 1990 U.S. Census.

Indicator: Export Focus of Manufacturing
Sources: Center for Strategic & International Studies, (Data based on 1992 U.S. Census Bureau figures, Exports from Manufacturing Establishments, (Washington, D.C.: 1992).

Indicator: Foreign Direct Investment
Sources: Employment by non-bank U.S. affiliates by state, 1996: Mahnaz Fahim-Nader and William J. Ziele, “Foreign Direct Investment in the United States—New Investment in 1997 and Affiliate Operations in 1996,” Survey of Current Business, Bureau of Economic Analysis (June 1998) table 13, p. 53. Overall employment: Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Indicator: Gazelle Jobs
Sources: David Birch, Anne Haggerty, and William Parsons, Corporate Demographics: Corporate Almanac (Cambridge, MA: Cognetics, 1998), pp. 21 & 53. This indicator shows the number of gazelle firm employees for 1997 as a share of total establishment employment (an establishment is defined as a place of work, a physical location).

Indicator: Job Churning
Sources: Business starts: The Dun & Bradstreet Corporation, 1995-1996 Business Starts Record, (New Jersey, 1997). Business failures: The Dun & Bradstreet Corporation, 1996 Preliminary Business Failure Record, (New Jersey, 1997).

Indicator: Initial Public Offerings
Sources: State IPO totals: Timothy Gallagher, 1997 New England IPO Report, (Boston, MA: Hale & Dorr, LLP, 1998). Gross State Product: Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic Analysis Division, Gross state product, by component and industry, 1977-96 (Washington, D.C., June, 1998).

Indicator: Online Population
Sources: Cyber Dialogue, Interactive Consumers, (NY: April 1999) (www.cyberdialogue.com).

Indicator: Commercial Internet Domain Names
Sources: Domain names: Anthony Townsend, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, MIT. 1999 counts are aggregated from ZIP code level data provided by www.domainsondisc.com. Firms: David Birch, Anne Haggerty, and William Parsons, Corporate Demographics: Corporate Almanac, (Cambridge, MA: Cognetics, 1998), p. 20. (A firm is a legal entity, while an establishment is a place of work.)

Indicator: Technology in Schools
Sources: Classroom Internet access and teacher e-mail: Education Week, “Technology Counts ’98: Putting School Technology To the Test” (October 1998). Teacher technology training: Education Week, “Technology Counts: Schools and Reform In the Information Age” (October 1997). (http://www.edweek.org/sreports/).

Indicator: Digital Government
Sources: The Progress & Freedom Foundation, The Digital State 1998: How State Governments Are Using Digital Technology (Washington, DC: September 1998), p. 88.

Indicator: High-Tech Jobs
Sources: American Electronics Association, Cyberstates 3.0: A State-by-State Overview of the High-Technology Industry (Washington, DC: 1999), p. 91.

Indicator: Scientists and Engineers
Sources: Scientists & Engineers: National Science Foundation, Science and Engineering State Profiles: 1998 Data Update, (NSF 99-311), (Arlington, VA, 1998). Employment: Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Indicator: Patents
Sources: Patents: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Data are for utility patents. Employment: Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Indicator: Industry Investment in R&D
Sources: Total Industry R&D 1995: National Science Foundation, Research and Development in Industry 1995-96, (NSF 99-312), (Arlington, VA, 1998). Gross State Product: Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic Analysis Division.

Indicator: Venture Capital
Sources: Pricewaterhouse Coopers LLP, Money Tree Report 1997 (Boston, MA: 1998). Gross State Product: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic Analysis Division.

Download PDF Version of This Report (1.1MB)
(PDF version requires Acrobat Reader)

The Progressive Policy Institute (PPI)
Technology, Innovation, and New Economy Project
600 Pennsylvania Ave., S.E., Suite 400, Washington DC 20003
Phone: (202) 546-0007
www.ppionline.org

Website design by OnlineWorkshop.